2021考研英語閱讀-幾種錯誤選項共有的特征

　　一、明顯的細節拼湊

　　我們在判斷選項正誤的時候，通常會拿它來和原文進行對比，如果選項當中的詞匯和原文的內容重復率高，那這個選項很可能是正確選項。但是在這里要注意一個問題，在對比詞匯重復率的時候發現該選項的信息散落在文段的各處，可能是不同的分句，甚至是不同的段落，那我們就能夠將之判斷為細節拼湊。

　　試題舉例：

　　(英二2019 text2)The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

　　28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.

　　A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees

　　B. reduce the density of some of its forests

　　C. find more effective ways to kill insects

　　D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires

　　在該例題當中，D選項為錯誤答案。將該選項與原文進行匹配，發現Restore forest和Fire出現在不同的句子當中，這就是典型的細節拼湊。

　　二、距離定位句較遠

　　經過對考生的行為分析，我們發現考生做題時都比較優柔寡斷，瞻前顧后，選不出正確選項。這是因為受到了干擾選項的迷惑。我們做每個題型，都有相對應的定位方法，大部分情況我們可以定位到某個具體的句子。這種時候我們將選項和文章內容進行匹配，發現某個選項與文章定位句語意相符，即可確定該選項為正確答案。但是與此同時，考生發現在文章當中的其他句子，與其他選項也相符，這會讓學生對正確選項產生懷疑。其實，如果選項不能匹配到定位句，并且距離定位距十分遙遠，與定位句之間相隔數個句子，那么我們即可將之判斷為錯誤選項，不要受到其干擾。

　　(英二2019 text4)My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions — a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.

　　37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may

　　A. mislead us into doing worthless things

　　B. prevent us from making further efforts

　　C. weaken our sense of accomplishment

　　D. suppress our desire for success

　　在該例題當中，根據題干關鍵詞Moral licensing可定位至該文段的倒數第一句話，但是C選項當中的accomplishment可定位至文段的第二句話，兩者相距較遠，講述內容與Moral licensing關系不大，無法解題，為錯誤選項。

　　三、偷換概念(擴大描述范圍)

　　偷換概念也是十分典型的錯誤選項。原文中明確表述了某個事物，但是在錯誤選項中，會將該事物的本質范圍擴大。如，原文表述道：小明不喜歡吃蘋果。此時某個選項可能表述為：小明不喜歡吃水果。但小明不喜歡吃蘋果，并不能表示他也不喜歡吃其他水果，所以該選項為錯誤答案。這就是通過擴大描述范圍而進行的偷換概念。

　　(英一2016 text1)France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　[B]A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

　　[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　在該例題當中，解題句為該文段的第一句，講述了在時尚行業當中女性人體美的定義問題。該題中D為錯誤選項，釋義為“對時尚行業的巨大威脅”。但是由解題句可知，受到損害的是定義美的權利，而并沒有上升到整個時尚行業，因而此處是偷換概念。

　　以上錯誤選項的特征并不能概括所有的可能性，并且也并非擁有以上特征的選項，就一定是錯誤選項。但是這些特征可以借由同學們參考，并結合解題技巧選出最符合的選項，同時也為基礎較差的同學在看不懂文章時提供一絲幫助。